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The Minimum Effective Dose: How Little Can You Train and Still See Results?

Life gets busy. When you can't train five days a week, how little can you get away with and still make progress? The research might surprise you.

January 27, 2026·5 min read·By Heather Swearengin

Here's a question I get constantly: "Coach, I can only make it to the gym twice a week right now. Is it even worth it?" The answer is an emphatic yes — and the science backs it up more than you'd think.

Research Finding

A 2022 meta-analysis found that training each muscle group just twice per week produced 80-90% of the hypertrophy gains seen with higher frequencies. Two well-designed sessions per week is enough to build meaningful strength and muscle.

Schoenfeld et al., Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2022

What the Research Actually Says

The minimum effective dose (MED) is the smallest amount of training that produces a meaningful adaptation. Below that threshold, you're not doing enough. Above it, you're getting diminishing returns — not zero returns, but less bang for each additional buck.

For strength, the MED appears to be surprisingly low: 2-4 hard sets per muscle group per week can maintain — and for beginners, even build — strength. For experienced lifters, that number creeps up to 6-10 sets per week, but it's still far less than most programs prescribe.

The Two-Day Template That Works

Full-Body Twice Weekly
1

Day 1: Push/Squat Focus

Squat variation (3×5-8), Bench or overhead press (3×6-10), Row variation (3×8-12), Core work (2 sets)

2

Day 2: Hinge/Pull Focus

Deadlift or hip hinge (3×5-8), Pull-ups or lat pulldown (3×6-10), Single-leg work (2×10-12 each), Carry or farmer's walk (2 sets)

3

Key Principles

Prioritize compound movements. Push close to failure on your last set. Track your weights and aim to add load or reps every 1-2 weeks.

The best program is the one you'll actually do consistently. Two great sessions beat five mediocre ones every time.

When Two Days Isn't Enough

Two days works for maintenance and beginner-to-intermediate progress. But if you're chasing competitive strength numbers or serious hypertrophy, you'll eventually need 3-4 sessions to accumulate enough volume. The key word is eventually — most people overestimate how much they need far too early.

Key Takeaways
  • Two full-body sessions per week is enough to build real strength
  • Focus on compound lifts and progressive overload
  • The minimum effective dose is lower than most people think
  • Consistency at a lower frequency beats inconsistency at a higher one
  • Scale up volume only when you've genuinely plateaued

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HS

Heather Swearengin

Strength coach and movement specialist helping people build sustainable fitness habits.

Learn more about coaching →